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Brief background and the current status of the Cambodian Senate
Over than six decades so far, Cambodia
has gone through several bitter events. From one to another period all State
institutions experienced radical change and reorganization in order to adapt to
the new political regime by which Cambodia has had to follow. As a
matter of fact, the Cambodian Parliament has also had suffered from a
historical change and turmoil.
From 1947 to 1970, Cambodia
adopted the monarch system of Bicameral Chamber, from 1970 to 1975 the republic
regime of Bicameral Chamber, from 1975 to 1979 the Khmer Rouge genocidal regime
with Mono-cameral Chamber, from 1979 to 1993 under the People's Republic and
State of Cambodia regime, Cambodia
adopted a Mono-cameral Chamber. From 1993 Cambodia has adopted a regime of
Constitutional Monarch. These kinds of frequent and abrupt changes have made
the Cambodian Parliament and other State institutions' operation unsustainable.
The 1993 elections organized by the UN
Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) were the historical events which
determined a new turning point for Cambodia development. The result of
the election created a Constituent Assembly which later, after adoption of the
Constitution of the Kingdom
of Cambodia, became the
National Assembly.
The National Assembly of the first legislature was fully
operational for five years. After the general election in 1998, Cambodia has
had encountered political crisis arisen from the rejection of the result of the
election. But the crisis was settled by Cambodia
itself during a summit of the high ranking leadership of the major political
parties on November 12 and 13, 1999 under the supreme auspice of His Majesty Preah Bat Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk
at the Royal Palace. The summit decided to create the
Senate by making amendment to the Constitution which provided the opportunity
for Cambodia
to adopt the Bicameral Chamber system. The first legislature of the Senate was
an appointed Senate up to 2006.
There were 61 senators who came from three
political parties in the first legislature of the Senate. The Senate which was
just established after the non-universal elections on January 22, 2006 is
commencing its second legislature. There are three political parties which
control the seats in the Senate. There are 61 senators including nine women.
The Senate has an autonomous budget. It has one Permanent Committee (12
members), nine specialized commissions and the General Secretariat which serves
as the Chief of Staff of the Senate. The Senate is considering creating its
regional offices in the eight regions.
